Ancient+Rome

=**Activity One :**= Ancient Rome - Death In Rome Facts:
 * Mosquitoes were a pest.Doctors had no idea that it would be dangerous. Mosquito bites back then could lead to malaria and kill you.
 * Slaves were often flogged and had long-lasting scars to show for it.
 * Honey was used to preserve meat and air to dry fruits such as apples.
 * One would write curses on wax tablet for their enemies and take it to the temple of the god of their choice.
 * Having an identity tag means that you're a slave that cannot be trusted.

Ancient Rome - Gladiator Facts :
 * Their armour styles often mimic mythical figures and Rome's past enemies.
 * They were matched to make their fights exciting and entertaining.
 * The shield of the Roman Hoplomachus gladiator is based on the rounded bronze shield of the Greek hoplite.
 * The wooden sword symbolizes freedom.
 * The murmillo is a heavy weight gladiator equipped with heavy equipment.



=**Activity Two :** = =<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> =

=<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">**Activity Three :** = <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Ancient Rome Powerpoint Part One.
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The city of Rome was founded by the brothers Romulus and Remus in 753 B.C.E., they were from a wealthy family and were abandoned by their uncle. They soon were raised by a She-Wolf. Romulus wanted power and killed his twin brother Remus.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">There were two classes, the patricians and the plebians. Both classes could vote and marry, but intermarriage was not allowed. Patricians were the only ones who could hold office.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The romans traveled to Sicily to take care of a local dispute, the Phoencians who controlled Carthrage saw this as an invasion of their territory. Carthrage gave up all their rights to Sicily because the roman army was stronger. A Carthragian named Hannibal started the second Punic war when he retalianted against Rome's plan to get Spain to invade Carthrage. He led an army of 30,000 - 40,000 men, 6,000 horses and elephants across the Alps and defeated Rome. Soon it was discovered that the Carthragians under Hanibal`s control were not successful in maintaining control over the roman cities. Rome then invaded carthrage and defeated his men
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Julius Caesar, Marius’ nephew, came to power and instituted liberal policies and social reform. In 47 B.C.E. he seized power in Rome and was made dictator. In 44 B.C.E. he was given the title dictator for life. He made land reforms and gave land to the poor. He increased the Senate to 900 members and packed it with supporters of his reforms. He gave people in provinces that had helped him, the status of Roman citizen. He began a number of public works projects and military campaigns in the east. He was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C.E.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The family included all household members who lived together. Father of the family ruled the household. Women had considerable power in their own families and ran businesses and managed estates. Ancestor worship was extremely important to the family

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">__Part 2__ <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">1. **Roman** **Republic** **-**509 BCE-30 BCE **Roman Empire-** 30 BCE-476 CE <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2. “First among equals” <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">3. - Attempted to reform public morals by promoting family life (largely unsuccessful). <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-Began the practice of declaring emperors gods, and of picking their own successors. (He called Haley’s Comet the spirit of Caesar.) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-Built and maintained the empire’s infrastructure (e.g., roads). Encouraged the growth of business. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- Established fire and police departments for Rome. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- Established a strong money system. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- Extended citizenship to more and more provincials. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- Said he “found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.” <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- Jesus, the founder of Christianity, was born in the Roman province of Judea during the reign of Augustus. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4. Roman Peace. Rome controlled the entire Mediterranean region and beyond <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">5. They both killed their family and friends and people around them? <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">__Part 3__ <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">1. Diocletian divided the empire into two administrative realms (east and west) in 285 CE. This was the first step in the creation of what would become two separate empires: <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">– **Roman (Western) Empire** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">– **Byzantine (Eastern) Empire** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2. His mother, Helena, converted to Christianity. Edict of Milan (313 CE) - Christianity legalized (religious toleration). Converted to Christianity on his deathbed <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">3. Powerful emperor of the Eastern (Byzantine) empire headquartered at Constantinople. Managed to reunite the Eastern and Western empires for a time, but this did not last. Rewrote Roman law (Corpus Juris Civilis, or the **Justinian Code**). <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4. **Western (Roman) Empire** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">– Ended officially in 476 CE when the last emperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed by a barbarian, Odoacer <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**Eastern (Byzantine) Empire** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">– Lasted until 1453 when the empire was conquered by the Ottoman Turks <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">5. ** Economic Reasons: ** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- Gap between rich and poor <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- Impoverished workers became tied to land as //coloni// (sold as the land was sold) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- As fewer members of lower classes could afford to buy goods (no purchasing power), manufacturing and trade declined <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- Large estates became self-sufficient, further hurting manufacturing and trade <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**Military Reasons:** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Roman Republic <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Armies were servants of Rome <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Roman Empire <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Armies made and unmade emperors <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Reliance on barbarian troops <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Not ultimately loyal to Rome <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Could not be counted on to fight their fellow barbarians <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Interested in obtaining booty, not defending Rome or furthering Rome’s interests <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**Political Reasons:** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Decline in patriotism <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Democracy did not exist in reality <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Citizens lost their tie (voting rights) to the state <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Patriotism became based on loyalty to an emperor, not to Rome <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Most emperors did not inspire respect or loyalty <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">East/West split <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Two empires created problems regarding loyalty <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">No orderly succession <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Murders, forced suicides, and civil wars frequently accompanied the transition from one emperor to the next <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**Social Reasons:** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Population decline <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Hunger <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Plagues <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- War <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Decline in intellectual culture <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- People did not dedicate themselves to public service and intellectual pursuits <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- People spent their leisure time watching chariot races and gladiatorial contests <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Religious divisions <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Eastern and Egyptian cults took away the popularity and status of traditional Roman religion <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">- New faiths like Christianity directly questioned and challenged concepts such as imperial divinity <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6. **Julius Caesar** (100-44 BCE) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">– Commentaries //on the Gallic Wars// <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**Cicero** (106-43 BCE) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">– Letters and orations <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">– Called the “Father of Latin prose” <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**Livy** (59 BCE-17 CE) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">– //Annals//, history of Rome from beginnings to Augustus

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">I think that this paragraph comes across as interesting, because of the comparison of the Roman Empire and the United States. Some of the information is actually quiete intriging.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Activity 4 **